THE SUPPORT OF BRITISH PIGEON FANCIERS THROUGH THEIR MEDICAL RESEARCH TRUST HAS MADE THE FOLLOWING IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO UNDERSTANDING ‘PIGEON LUNG’ AND OTHER DISEASES.

Background

‘Pigeon lung’ disease is a type of allergy to dust in the loft. Most fanciers don’t get this disease. However, about one in ten fanciers report occasional symptoms like the ‘flu (feverish, cough, tiredness, short of breath) following exposure to excessive amounts of pigeon dust. These episodes are usually mild but can be frequent and severe in about one in a hundred fanciers. A progressive pattern of these symptoms indicates pigeon lung.

40 years ago, two Scottish doctors; Dr Phil Lynch (highly respected pigeon fancier and GP) and Dr Gavin Boyd (consultant in respiratory diseases) identified pigeon lung, recognised its importance and started a research program that included developing a blood test which is now the gold standard around the world.

Dr Lynch and Dr Boyd have maintained their yearly contact with the fancy at the Blackpool ‘show of shows’ at the Winter Gardens. They and their team provide advice and blood tests for often up to 400 fanciers at this event. With their advice (mask dust coats etc) the number with symptoms has reduced over the years. At the same time the research discoveries from the blood tests has contributed to the medical literature for lung disease as outlined in the updated list below.

The discoveries below derived from studies of ‘pigeon lung’ provide important understanding of COVID-19. This aspect is currently under intense investigation to help treatments for the current and future pandemics.

Important Contributions to Pigeon Lung (Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis):

‘Pigeon lung’ is one example of a group of similar lung diseases caused by inhaling dusts (called Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis). These occur mostly in industry and are of worldwide importance.

One third of the causes of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis is unknown. This delays treatment and allows the disease to progress.

The contribution of British Pigeon Fanciers is crucial to help resolve the unknown of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. For example, pigeon lung is a ‘known’ model of disease, the causal antigens and the cumulative indices of exposure are known. The immune and inflammatory responses to these antigens can be measured along with pathophysiological clinical and lung function changes. The contribution of all pigeon fanciers to this is crucial and leads to new understanding of Pneumonitis which is of world-wide clinical and socio-economic importance.

A blood test (called KL-6) can help identify lung changes in pigeon fanciers at the very early stages of pigeon lung. This will help identify those at risk and help them decide how to control the risk.

Pigeon fanciers medical research trust supported research to show that there were different forms of Pigeon Lung. This will help identify better treatments for all patients.

The severe form of Pigeon Lung offers a working model to study another more common and more serious interstitial lung disease called Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Some of the mechanisms discovered are relevant also to controlling lung virus infection (relevant to COVID-19) and to arthritis (see section below).

Pathogenic Biomarkers of Lung Inflamation

 

Important Contributions to Asthma:

Inhaled dusts commonly cause allergy asthma. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis is different from asthma and both occur independently among pigeon fanciers. Better understanding of pigeon lung will indirectly improve understanding of asthma.

There is no effective treatment for the most severe form of asthma. Support of pigeon fanciers has helped identify new categories of pigeon lung which will help identify appropriate treatments.

This research supported by British Pigeon Fanciers identified causes that drive severe asthma and blood pressure. This research will improve understanding of both diseases and help design better treatments for both.

This research supported by British Pigeon Fanciers identified causes that drive the most severe form of asthma. This will improve understanding and prospects for better treatments.

Cigarette smoking is protective of developing ‘Pigeon Lung’ but contributes to severity of asthma. The following work highlights these effects and offers insight into mechanisms of both.

Important Contributions to Arthritis:

Arthritis is a common chronic disease with no cure. Patients with arthritis are at risk of Interstitial Lung Disease, and Pigeon Lung is one form of this disease. Research supported by British pigeon fanciers has revealed how disease remission can be maintained for arthritis. This is the first step towards our ambition to discover how to progress this to cure. Discoveries from this work will inform new treatments for Pigeon Lung.

There are cellular and molecular check-points that control inflammation and progression of arthritis and Interstitial Lung Disease. The following series of papers identify candidate pathways that will help inform new drug treatments that would include Pigeon Lung.

FULL PUBLICATIONS LISTING

Below is a full listing of all publications, theses and textbooks to which we have contributed as a group.

Academic References Textbooks



  • Bourke SJ, Spickett GP | 2020

    Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chapter 18.14.4: Oxford Textbook Medicine 2020; Ed: Firth JD, Conlon C, Cox TM. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

  • Bourke SJ | 2010

    Extrinsic allergic alveolitis. In: Oxford Desk Reference Respiratory Medicine 2010, p 148-151. Ed: Maskell N, Miller A. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Academic Theses



  • Ismail TST. | 2004

    Pigeon Fancier’s Lung. A study of the clinical lung function, and immunological responses among pigeon fanciers. 2004, M.D. Thesis. University of Glasgow.

  • Britton FC. | 1992

    Cell mediated immunity in Pigeon Breeder’s Disease. 1992, Ph.D. Thesis. University of Glasgow.

  • Bourke SJ. | 1991

    Pigeon Fancier’s Lung: Clinical studies of the spectrum of response to inhaled antigen in Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis. 1991. M.D. Thesis. University College Dublin, National University of Ireland.

  • Anderson K. | 1989

    Factors influencing the development, investigation and resolution of humidifier-related diseases. 1989, M.D. Thesis. University of Glasgow.

  • McSharry C. | 1984

    Immunological studies in Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis. 1984, Ph.D. Thesis. University of Glasgow.

  • Banham SW. | 1982

    Reaginic antibody in Pigeon Breeder’s Disease. 1982, M.D. Thesis. University of Edinburgh.

  • Boyd G. | 1975

    Pigeon Breeders Disease. 1975, M.D. Thesis. University of Glasgow.

Publications



  • Alivernini S, MacDonald L, Elmesmari A, Finlay S, Tolusso B, Gigante MR, Petricca L, Di Mario C, Bui L, Perniola S, Attar M, Gessi M, Fedele AL, Chilaka S, Somma D, Sansom SN, Filer A, McSharry C, Millar NL, Kirschner K, Nerviani A, Lewis MJ, Pitzalis C, Clark AR, Ferraccioli G, Udalova I, Buckley CD, Gremese E, McInnes IB, Otto TD, Kurowska-Stolarska M. | 2020

    Distinct synovial tissue macrophage subsets regulate inflammation and remission in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Med. 2020 Aug;26(8):1295-1306. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0939-8.

  • Barnes H, Olin AC, Torén K, McSharry C, Donnelly I, Lärstad M, Iribarren C, Quinlan P, Blanc PD. | 2020

    Occupation environmental factors in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: population attributable fraction. ERJ Open Res. 2020 Oct 5;6(4):00374-2020. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00374-2020.

  • Ji Y, Bourke SJ, Spears M, Wain LV, Boyd G, Lynch PP, Cunningham M, Boyd K, Donnelly I, Kohno N, McSharry C. | 2020

    Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is a pathophysiological biomarker of early-stage acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis among pigeon fanciers. Clin Exp Allergy. 2020 Sep 23. doi: 10.1111/cea.13744.

  • Hasan SF, Jozwik A, Heaps A, Kakkar N, Donnelly I, Cookson S, Bourke SJ, McSharry C, Todryk SM. | 2020

    Antibody and T cell responses against avian and microbial antigens associate with hypersensitivity pneumonitis disease parameters in pigeon breeders. Allergy. 2020 Jun;75(6):1469-1473. doi: 10.1111/all.14152.

  • Henderson I, Caiazzo E, McSharry C, Guzik TJ, Maffia P. | 2020

    Why do some asthma patients respond poorly to glucocorticoid therapy? Pharmacol Res. 2020 Sep 8;160:105189. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105189.

  • Gurgone D, McShane L, McSharry C, Guzik TJ, Maffia P. | 2020

    Cytokines at the Interplay Between Asthma and Atherosclerosis? Front Pharmacol. 2020 Mar 4;11:166. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00166.

  • Yang JF, Chaudhuri R, Thomson NC, Ramparsad N, O'Pray H, Barclay S, MacBride-Stewart S, McCallum C, Sharma V, McSharry C, Murray D, Shepherd M, Lee WN. | 2018

    Insights into frequent asthma exacerbations from a primary care perspective and the implications of UK National Review of Asthma Deaths recommendations. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2018 Sep 19;28(1):35. doi: 10.1038/s41533-018-0103-9.

  • Alivernini S, Gremese E, McSharry C, Tolusso B, Ferraccioli G, McInnes IB, Kurowska-Stolarska M. | 2018

    MicroRNA-155-at the Critical Interface of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Arthritis. Front Immunol. 2018 Jan 5;8:1932. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01932.

  • Skaaby T, Taylor AE, Jacobsen RK, Paternoster L, Thuesen BH, Ahluwalia TS, Larsen SC, Zhou A, Wong A, Gabrielsen ME, Bjørngaard JH, Flexeder C, Männistö S, Hardy R, Kuh D, Barry SJ, Tang Møllehave L, Cerqueira C, Friedrich N, Bonten TN, Noordam R, Mook-Kanamori DO, Taube C, Jessen LE, McConnachie A, Sattar N, Upton MN, McSharry C, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H, Schulz H, Strauch K, Meitinger T, Peters A, Grallert H, Nohr EA, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Völker U, Nauck M, Völzke H, Power C, Hyppönen E, Hansen T, Jørgensen T, Pedersen O, Salomaa V, Grarup N, Langhammer A, Romundstad PR, Skorpen F, Kaprio J, R Munafò M, Linneberg A. | 2017

    Investigating the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis in the CARTA Consortium. Sci Rep. 2017 May 22;7(1):2224. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01977-w.

  • Kurowska-Stolarska M, Alivernini S, Melchor EG, Elmesmari A, Tolusso B, Tange C, Petricca L, Gilchrist DS, Di Sante G, Keijzer C, Stewart L, Di Mario C, Morrison V, Brewer JM, Porter D, Milling S, Baxter RD, McCarey D, Gremese E, Lemke G, Ferraccioli G, McSharry C, McInnes IB. | 2017

    MicroRNA-34a dependent regulation of AXL controls the activation of dendritic cells in inflammatory arthritis. Nat Commun. 2017 Jun 22;8:15877. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15877.

  • Kurowska-Stolarska M, Hasoo MK, Welsh DJ, Stewart L, McIntyre D, Morton BE, Johnstone S, Miller AM, Asquith DL, Millar NL, Millar AB, Feghali-Bostwick CA, Hirani N, Crick PJ, Wang Y, Griffiths WJ, McInnes IB, McSharry C. | 2017

    The role of microRNA-155/liver X receptor pathway in experimental and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Jun;139(6):1946-1956. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.021.

  • Chaudhuri R, McSharry C, Heaney LG, Niven R, Brightling CE, Menzies-Gow AN, Bucknall C, Mansur AH, Lee W, Shepherd M, Spears M, Cowan DC, Husi H, Thomson NC | 2016

    ; BTS Severe Asthma Network. Effects of older age and age of asthma onset on clinical and inflammatory variables in severe refractory asthma. Respir Med. 2016 Sep;118:46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.07.005.

  • Thomson NC, Chaudhuri R, Spears M, Haughney J, McSharry C. | 2016

    Serum periostin in smokers and never smokers with asthma. Respir Med. 2015 Jun;109(6):708-15. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.03.009.

  • Elmesmari A, Fraser AR, Wood C, Gilchrist D, Vaughan D, Stewart L, McSharry C, McInnes IB, Kurowska-Stolarska M. | 2016

    MicroRNA-155 regulates monocyte chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016 Nov;55(11):2056-2065. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew272.

  • McSharry C, Johnstone S. | 2016

    Periostin as a biomarker of airway inflammation. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2016;126(3):118-20. doi: 10.20452/pamw.3333.

  • Thomson NC, Charron CE, Chaudhuri R, Spears M, Ito K, McSharry C. | 2015

    Atorvastatin in combination with inhaled beclometasone modulates inflammatory sputum mediators in smokers with asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Apr;31:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.01.001.

  • Thomson NC, Chaudhuri R, Spears M, Messow CM, Jelinsky S, Miele G, Nocka K, Takahashi E, Hilmi OJ, Shepherd MC, Miller DK, McSharry C. | 2014

    Arachidonic acid metabolites and enzyme transcripts in asthma are altered by cigarette smoking. Allergy. 2014 Apr;69(4):527-36. doi: 10.1111/all.12376.

  • Li D, Guabiraba R, Besnard AG, Komai-Koma M, Jabir MS, Zhang L, Graham GJ, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Liew FY, McSharry C, Xu D. | 2014

    IL-33 promotes ST2-dependent lung fibrosis by the induction of alternatively activated macrophages and innate lymphoid cells in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Dec;134(6):1422-1432.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.05.011.

  • Cameron EJ, Chaudhuri R, Mair F, McSharry C, Greenlaw N, Weir CJ, Jolly L, Donnelly I, Gallacher K, Morrison D, Spears M, Evans TJ, Anderson K, Thomson NC. | 2013

    Randomised controlled trial of azithromycin in smokers with asthma. Eur Respir J. 2013 Nov;42(5):1412-5. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00093913.

  • Spears M, McSharry C, Chaudhuri R, Weir CJ, de Wet C, Thomson NC. | 2013

    Smoking in asthma is associated with elevated levels of corticosteroid resistant sputum cytokines-an exploratory study. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 9;8(8):e71460. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071460.

  • Thomson NC, Chaudhuri R, Heaney LG, Bucknall C, Niven RM, Brightling CE, Menzies-Gow AN, Mansur AH, McSharry C. | 2013

    Clinical outcomes and inflammatory biomarkers in current smokers and exsmokers with severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Apr;131(4):1008-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1574.

  • Bradley-Stewart A, Jolly L, Adamson W, Gunson R, Frew-Gillespie C, Templeton K, Aitken C, Carman W, Cameron S, McSharry C. | 2013

    Cytokine responses in patients with mild or severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. J Clin Virol. 2013 Sep;58(1):100-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.011.

  • Cameron EJ, McSharry C, Chaudhuri R, Farrow S, Thomson NC. | 2012

    Long-term macrolide treatment of chronic inflammatory airway diseases: risks, benefits and future developments. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012 Sep;42(9):1302-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.03979.x.

  • Spears M, Weir CJ, Smith AD, McSharry C, Chaudhuri R, Johnson M, Cameron E, Thomson NC. | 2011

    Bronchial nitric oxide flux (J'aw) is sensitive to oral corticosteroids in smokers with asthma. Respir Med. 2011 Dec;105(12):1823-30. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.06.014.

  • Kurowska-Stolarska M, Alivernini S, Ballantine LE, Asquith DL, Millar NL, Gilchrist DS, Reilly J, Ierna M, Fraser AR, Stolarski B, McSharry C, Hueber AJ, Baxter D, Hunter J, Gay S, Liew FY, McInnes IB. | 2011

    MicroRNA-155 as a proinflammatory regulator in clinical and experimental arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jul 5;108(27):11193-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1019536108.

  • Sandilands GP, Wilson M, Huser C, Jolly L, Sands WA, McSharry C. | 2010

    Were monocytes responsible for initiating the cytokine storm in the TGN1412 clinical trial tragedy? Clin Exp Immunol. 2010 Dec;162(3):516-27. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04264.x.

  • Ismail T, McSharry C, Boyd G. | 2006

    Extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Respirology. 2006 May;11(3):262-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00839.x.

  • McSharry CP, Fraser I, Chaudhuri R, Anderson K, Bourke SJ, Thomson NC, Boyd G. | 2006

    Nerve growth factor in serum and lymphocyte culture in pigeon fanciers' acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest. 2006 Jul;130(1):37-42. doi:10.1378/chest.130.1.37.

  • McSharry C, Dye GM, Ismail T, Anderson K, Spiers EM, Boyd G. | 2006

    Quantifying serum antibody in bird fanciers' hypersensitivity pneumonitis. BMC Pulm Med. 2006 Jun 26;6:16. doi: 10.1186/1471-2466-6-16.

  • McSharry CP, McKay IC, Chaudhuri R, Livingston E, Fraser I, Thomson NC. | 2005

    Short and long-term effects of cigarette smoking independently influence exhaled nitric oxide concentration in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Jul ;116(1):88-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.03.025.

  • McSharry C | 2003

    EDITORIAL: B LYMPHOCYTES IN ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 2003;159-

  • McSharry C, Anderson K, Bourke SJ, Boyd G. | 2002

    TAKES YOUR BREATH AWAY - THE IMMUNOLOGY OF ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS Clin Exp Immunol. 2002; 128: 3-9

  • Boyd G, Boyd F. | 2002

    PIGEON FANCIER'S LUNG: AN ALLERGIC DISORDER WITH POTENTIALLY LONG-TERM SEQUELAE. Asthma J. 2002;7:127-132

  • Bourke SJ, Dalphin JC, Boyd G, McSharry C, Baldwin CI, Calvert JE. | 2001

    Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: current concepts. Eur Respir J Suppl. 2001 Sep;32:81s-92s. PMID: 11816827.

  • McSharry C, Anderson K, Boyd G. | 2000

    A review of antigen diversity causing lung disease among pigeon breeders. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000 Sep;30(9):1221-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00810.x.

  • McSharry C, MacLeod K, McGregor A B J, Speekenbrink S, Boyd F, Boyd, G. | 1999

    MUCOSAL IMMUNITY IN EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS: SALIVARY IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND ANTIBODY AGAINST INHALED AVIAN ANTIGENS AMONG PIGEON BREEDERS. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 1999; 29: 957-964.

  • Boyd G. | 1998

    BRONCHODILATOR THERAPY IN ASTHMA. Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica, 1998; 45(1):143-145.

  • Bourke S, Boyd G. | 1997

    PIGEON FANCIER'S LUNG. British Medical Journal, 1997; Vol. 315: 70-71.

  • Colloff M J, Merrett T G, Merrett J, McSharry C, Boyd G. | 1997

    FEATHER MITES ARE POTENTIALLY AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF ALLERGENS FOR PIGEON AND BUDGERIGAR KEEPERS. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 1997;27:60-67.

  • McSharry C, McGregor S, MacLeod K, Sriram S, Boyd G.

    ANTIBODY LEVELS IN SALIVA OF PATIENTS WITH PIGEON FANCIERS LUNG. Thorax 1996; 51, Supplement 3.,A71.

  • Boyd G. | 1996

    COMMENTARY: PULMONARY RESPONSES TO INHALED EXOGENOUS AGENTS. Thorax, 1996; 51:656-657.

  • Morris G, Anderson K, McSharry C, Boyd, G. | 1994

    GRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF DUST AND ANTIGEN EXPRESSED IN PIGEON BREEDERS, Annals Occupational Hygiene, 1994;48 Suppl 1: 919-921.

  • McSharry C, Anderson K, Speekenbrink A, Lewis C, Boyd B. | 1993

    DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS OF SYMPTOM PATTERN AND SERUM ANTIBODY TITIRES IN HUMIDIFIER RELATED DISEASE. Thorax 1993:48;496-500.

  • Bourke S J, Carrington D, Frew C E, Mcsharry C P, Boyd G.

    A COMPARISON OF THE SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION IN PIGEON FANCIERS AND FARMERS IN THE U.K. Journal of Infection, 1992:25; Supplement 1;91-98.

  • Lewis C, McSharry C, Anderson K, Speekenbrink A, Kemeny D M, Durnin S, Feyerbend C, Sinclair, D, Watt A D, Boyd G. | 1991

    QUANTIFYING SERUM ANTIBODY CLASS AND SUBCLASS RESPONSES BY ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY IN HUMIDIFIER-RELATED DISEASE. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 1991;21:5:601- 607.

  • Bourke S J, Banham S W, McKillop J, Boyd G.

    CLEARANCE OF TECHNETIUM-99m DTPA PIGEON FANCIER'S HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS (MS5300). American Review of Respiratory Disease, 1990;142 (5): 1168-7.

  • Boyd G. | 1990

    PULMONARY FUNCTION CHANGES IN PIGEON FANCIER'S LUNG. Respiratory Medicine, 1990;84:5-7.

  • Britton F, McSharry C, Boyd G. | 1990

    SEROLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES IN BIRD FANCIER'S LUNG (II). British Medical Journal, 1990; 301 (6747): 340.

  • Bourke S J, Frew C E, Carrington D, Boyd G. | 1990

    PSITTACOSIS IN PIGEON FANCIERS. Thorax,1990; 45:324.

  • Anderson K, Watt A D, Sinclair D, Lewis C, Boyd G. | 1989

    SUMMER TYPE HUMIDIFIER FEVER: THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE. British Journal of Industrial Medicine,1989; 43:671-674.

  • Anderson K, McSharry C P, Boyd G. | 1989

    HUMIDIFIER FEVER IN SCOTLAND. Environmental Health Scotland, 1989; 13: 10-11.

  • Bourke S J, Carter R, Anderson K, Boyd J, King S, Boyd G. | 1989

    OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAYS DISEASE IN NON-SMOKING PATIENTS WITH PIGEON FANCIER'S LUNG. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 1989;19 (6):629-632.

  • Anderson K, Watt A D, Sinclair D, Lewis C, McSharry C P, Boyd G. | 1989

    CLIMATE INTERMITTANT HUMIDIFICATION AND HUMIDIFIER FEVER. British Journal of Industrial Medicine,1989;46 (9):671-674.

  • Boyd G. | 1989

    THE CURRENT MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA. In: Current asthma Treatment. Therapeutic Respectives: Airway Disease. 1989;75:18-20. Theracom, London.

  • Anderson K, Walker A, Boyd G. | 1989

    THE LONG TERM EFFECT OF A POSITIVE PRESSURE REPIRATOR ON THE SPECIFIC ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN PIGEON BREEDERS. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 1989;19 (1):45-49.

  • Bourke S J, Banham S W, Carter R, Lynch P P, Boyd G. | 1989

    LONGITUDINAL COURSE OF EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS IN PIGEON BREEDERS. Thorax, 1989;44 (5):415-418.

  • Bourke S, Anderson K, Lynch P P, Boyd J, King S, Banham S, Boyd G. | 1989

    CHRONIC SIMPLE BRONCHITIS IN PIGEON FANCIERS. Chest, 1989;95:3:598-601.

  • Anderson K, Morrison S, Bourke S, Boyd G. | 1988

    EFFECT OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON THE SPECIFIC ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN PIGEON FANCIERS. Thorax, 1988;43 (10):798-800.

  • Anderson K, McSharry C P, Boyd G. | 1987

    AIR CONDITIONING AND DISEASE. Lancet, 1987;(ii): 1400 (letter)

  • McSharry C P, Anderson K, Boyd G. | 1987

    SEROLOGICAL AND CLINICAL INVESTIGATION OF HUMIDIFIER FEVER. Clinical Allergy,1987;17 (1):15-22.

  • Boyd G. | 1986

    THE ROLE OF ALLERGY IN RESPIRATORY MEDICINE. Medicine International, 1986;2:1518-1522.

  • Boyd G, Anderson K, McSharry C P. | 1986

    IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSIVENESS IN HUMIDIFIER FEVER. Maladies des Climatiseurs et des Humidifiers. Ed. Claude Molina. Coque Inserm. 1986; 135:87-90.

  • Banham S W, McSharry C P, Lynch P P, Boyd G. | 1986

    RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AVIAN EXPOSURE, HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE, AND PIGEON BREEDER'S DISEASE, AMONG SCOTTISH PIGEON FANCIERS. Thorax,1986;41 (4):274-278.

  • McSharry C, Banham S W, Boyd G. | 1985

    EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO INHALED ANTIGENS AND THE PREVALENCE OF EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS AMONG PIGEON BREEDERS. Clinical Allergy, 1985; 15(5): 487-494.

  • Anderson K, McSharry C P, Boyd G. | 1985

    RADIOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN HUMIDIFIER FEVER. Thorax, 1985; 40:4:3:312-313.

  • McSharry C P, Banham S W, Lynch P P, Boyd G. | 1984

    ANTIBODY MEASUREMENT IN EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS. European Journal of Respiratory Disease, 1984; 65:259-265.

  • McSharry C P, Lynch P P, Banham S W, Boyd G. | 1983

    SEASONAL VARIATION OF ANTIBODY LEVELS AMONG PIGEON FANCIERS. Clinical Allergy,1983; 13:293-299.

  • McSharry C P, Lynch P P, Banham S W, Boyd G. | 1983

    SKIN TESTING AND EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 1983;54:282-288..

  • Boyd G, McSharry C P, Banham S W, Lynch P P. | 1982

    A CURRENT VIEW OF PIGEON FANCIER'S LUNG - A MODEL FOR PULMONARY EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS. Clinical Allergy, 1982:12:Supplement:53-59.

  • Banham S W, McKenzie H, McSharry C P, Lynch P P, Boyd G. | 1982

    ANTIBODY AGAINST PIGEON BLOOM EXTRACT: A FURTHER ANTIGEN IN PIGEON FANCIER'S LUNG, Clinical Allergy, 1982;12:173-178.

  • Munro A C, Inglis G, Lynch P P, Boyd G. | 1980

    A SURVEY OF P1-ANTIBODIES IN SCOTTISH PIGEON FANCIERS. Clinical Allergy,1980; 10:643-650

  • Banham S W, Lynch P P, Boyd G. | 1980

    PIGEON BREEDER'S DISEASE, CONSTITUTIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES OF THE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION, Clinical Allergy,1980; 10:350-351.

  • Boyd G. | 1979

    PULMONARY FUNCTION CHANGES IN PIGEON BREEDERS DISEASE. The Mast Cell in Health and Disease. ed. Pepys J, Edwards A M., 1979: 283-286 . Pitman's Medical, Tunbridge Wells, Kent.

  • Boyd G. | 1978

    CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES IN PULMONARY EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS. Scottish Medical Journal, 1978; 23:267.

  • Parratt D, Boyd G. | 1976

    FARMER'S LUNG: A NEGLECTED ANTIGEN. Lancet,1976;1:1294.

  • Howie A D, Boyd G, Mclay A L C, Moran F. | 1976

    PULMONARY HYPERSENSITIVITY TO RAMIN (GONYSTYLUS BANCANUS). Thorax, 1976; 31:585.

  • Parratt D, Nielsen H K, Boyd G, White R G. | 1975

    THE QHANTITATION OF ANTIBODY IN FARMER'S LUNG SYNDROME USING RADIO-IMMUNOASSAY: RESULTS OF A CLINICAL SURVEY AND COMPARISON OF THREE SEROLOGICAL METHODS. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 1975;20:217.

  • Boyd G, Parratt D | 1974

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